-National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDOCD) website offers a clear explanation of Spasmodic Dysphasia. The site describes the three types of DS, who is affected by DS, and the causes of the condition. The National Institute on Dearness and Other Communication Disorders defines Spasmodic Dysphasia as, “a voice disorder caused by involuntary movements of one or more muscles of the larynx or voice box.” The site provides NIDOCD’s a definition of three types of SD:
- Adductor spasmodic dysphonia, a sudden closing of the vocal folds,
- Abductor spasmodic dysphonia, a sudden opening of the vocal folds, and
- Mixed spasmodic dysphonia, a sudden opening and closing of the vocal folds.
The website also identifies who is typically affected by the disorder: anyone can have SD, but the initial signs of the disorder are commonly found in individuals between the ages 30-50.
The site also suggests probable causes of SD. While the specific cause of the condition remains unknown, research suggests Spasmodic Dysphasia may be related to other disorders, it may be inherited, or it may even be neurogenic. -American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association website offers a clear, easy to comprehend overview of two important Spasmodic Dysphasia questions: how spasmodic dysphasia is diagnosed, and what treatments are available. Spasmodic Dysphasia diagnosis typically involves visits to a speech pathologist for a voice evaluation, an otolaryngologist for a vocal cord examination, and a neurologist visit. In terms of treatments for SD, there is no cure. However, Botox injections into the vocal cords may offer some relief.
-National Spasmodic Dysphonia Association
In addition to general information, The National Spasmodic Dysphonia Association website offers video and audio clips related to Spasmodic Dysphasia. These resources allow viewers to hear and see different aspects of the disorder. The videos range from “What is Spasmodic Dysphonia?” to “Botulinum Toxin.” Viewers witness a patient receiving a Botox treatment injection into the muscles of his vocal cords. Audio clips on the website allow viewers to hear distinct differences in abductor spasmodic dypshonia and adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Perhaps the most helpful audio clip demonstrates the effect of a Botox treatment on a patient pre- and post- treatment. The National Spasmodic Dyphonia Association website is a wonderful tool for viewers to see and hear different aspects of Spasmodic Dysphasia.
